" 长后短前 " 原则

同位语或前置修饰语较长时，翻译时通常后移；当其修饰作用的同位语较短时，英译时不一定后移，可以放在前面。

>中共中央总书记、国家主席胡锦涛→ Hu Jintao, Chinese president and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

>美国总统布什→ George Bush, President of the United States of America

>奥斯卡获奖影片《美国丽人》→ American Beauty, an Oscar Award winner

>您可以游览万里长城的一段 -- 八达岭；明清两代皇帝居住的地方 -- 故宫；清朝御花园 -- 颐和园。

You may go and visit Badaling, one segment of the spectacular Great Wall, the ImperialPalace, residence of the Ming and Qing emperors, and SummerPalace, an imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty.

>胡锦涛主席→ President Hu Jintao

>联合国秘书长科菲 • 安南→ UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan

>微软公司董事长比尔 • 盖茨→ Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates

>当我们要强调特指意义时，起修饰作用的同位语英译时也前置。

>意大利著名旅游家马可 • 波罗→ the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo

>美国伟大的民权运动领袖小马丁 • 路德 • 金→ the great American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.

" 断 " " 备 " " 删 " 原则

>东方明珠广播电视塔位于黄浦江畔、浦东陆家嘴嘴尖上，塔高 468 米 ，三面环水，与外滩的万国建筑博览群隔江相望，是亚洲第一、世界第三的高塔。

The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower stands on the Huangpu River and at the point of Lujiazui. （地理位置） Surrounded by waters on three sides and facing a row of buildings of variegated Western architectures in the Bund across the river, the 468-meter-high tower ranks first in Asia and third in the world. （排名）

>海峡两岸→ both sides of the Taiwan Straits

>三资企业→ Chinese-foreign equity joint venture 中外合资经营

>Chinese-foreign cooperative joint venture 中外合作经营

wholly foreign-owned enterprise 外商独资企业

>三民主义→ Nationalism, democracy, people's livelihood